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In the naturalization process, the interested person must prove their ability to communicate in Portuguese, considering their conditions, through one of the following documents: I - Certificate of: a) proficiency in Portuguese for foreigners obtained through the Celpe-Bras exam, carried out by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP); b) completion of a higher education or postgraduate course, taken at a Brazilian educational institution, accredited by the Ministry of Education; c) passing the Bar Exam, carried out by the Federal Council of the Brazilian Bar Association (OAB); or d) successful completion of a Portuguese language course aimed at immigrants held at a higher education institution accredited by the Ministry of Education; II - Proof of completion of primary or secondary education through the National Examination for Certification of Skills for Young People and Adults (ENCCEJA); III - Appointment to the position of professor, technician or scientist resulting from approval in a competition promoted by a Brazilian public university; IV - Academic record or equivalent document proving completion of an elementary, secondary or supplementary education course, taken at a Brazilian educational institution, recognized by the competent Department of Education; or V - Medical course diploma revalidated by a public higher education institution after approval obtained in the National Exam for the Revalidation of Medical Diplomas Issued by Foreign Higher Education Institutions (REVALIDA) applied by INEP. It is important to note that all documents indicated require a minimum level of literacy and that there is no provision for exclusively oral proof of the ability to communicate in Portuguese, which results in the exclusion of illiterate people from the possibility of proving that they can communicate in Portuguese. In this sense, if the naturalized person is unable to present one of the documents listed above due to illiteracy or any other condition, but is able to prove oral knowledge of the language, it is recommended to seek individual legal assistance from the DPU or other institutions. *Proof of the ability to communicate in Portuguese is not required for applicants who are nationals of Portuguese-speaking countries.

Naturalization refers to the process by which a person seeks to acquire a second nationality. In Brazil, this procedure can be requested by stateless individuals (without nationality) or citizens of other countries. There are several types of naturalization, including ordinary, extraordinary, provisional and definitive. For many migrants, naturalization represents the consolidation of the choice to reside and fully belong to Brazil. Furthermore, it is a significant step in the integration process, allowing access to rights that are not available to non-nationals, such as the right to a Brazilian passport and the right to vote. In the case of stateless persons, naturalization may be the route to obtaining their first nationality. A frequent demand among the migrant population is to obtain a Brazilian passport. In many cases, access to the passport from the country of origin is restricted, either due to the impossibility of applying while outside the country of nationality, or due to the government's refusal to provide it to emigrants, especially those who have requested refuge in other countries. Despite the existence of the so-called "Brazilian Passport for Foreigners", also known as the "yellow passport", it is difficult to access and is only issued in very special circumstances. The entire naturalization process takes place within the administrative scope of the Federal Police and the Ministry of Justice in Brazil. Which individuals are considered natural Brazilians and which are naturalized Brazilians? In Brazil, nationality is acquired in two ways: the original or primary, automatically obtained at the moment of birth, and the secondary, acquired by those who originally had another nationality or were stateless. The first category includes native Brazilians, while the second covers naturalized Brazilians. Our Federal Constitution recognizes the acquisition of original Brazilian nationality based on two criteria: Territorial criterion (jus soli): a person born in Brazilian territory is considered a national of Brazil; Family ancestry criterion (jus sanguinis): children of Brazilians, even born abroad, acquire Brazilian nationality, as long as at least one of the parents is Brazilian. On the other hand, obtaining secondary Brazilian nationality depends on the naturalization process, in which a person requests citizenship and the Brazilian State assesses whether to grant it or not. This type of acquisition of nationality can be requested by stateless persons or foreigners. It is important to note that the law cannot establish distinctions between native and naturalized Brazilians, except in the cases provided for by the Federal Constitution. This reserves, for example, positions such as President and Vice-President of the Republic and Ministers of the Federal Supreme Court exclusively for native Brazilians (according to article 12, § 2 and 3 of the Federal Constitution of 1988).